Palavras-chave
cuidados em fim de vida
instituições de cuidados residenciais
estudos qualitativos
desenvolvimento de orientações
Como Citar
Resumo
As instituições de cuidados residenciais (ICR) têm apoiado cada vez mais idosos com doenças progressivas e limitativas da vida, muitos dos quais necessitam de cuidados paliativos nestes ambientes. Apesar desta crescente necessidade, existe uma carência de orientações específicas para o contexto, que apoiem cuidados de elevada qualidade no final da vida. Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo desenvolver guidelines empiricamente fundamentadas para os cuidados paliativos em ICR portuguesas, com base nas perspetivas de profissionais de saúde experientes. Foi empregue um desenho exploratório qualitativo. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um grupo de foco envolvendo oito profissionais de saúde com experiência em ICR e formação avançada em cuidados paliativos, incluindo médicos, enfermeiros e um fisioterapeuta. Os dados foram analisados através de análise temática com o auxílio do software WebQDA®. Foram identificados sete domínios principais: (i) identificação das necessidades de cuidados paliativos e do fim de vida; (ii) coordenação com as equipas de cuidados paliativos domiciliários; (iii) cuidados centrados no conforto e na simplificação terapêutica; (iv) capacitação e apoio da equipa; (v) comunicação com as famílias e equipas multidisciplinares; (vi) dignidade e cuidados pós-morte; e (vii) apoio emocional e psicológico. Estes domínios fundamentaram o desenvolvimento de guidelines derivadas empiricamente e adaptadas a ambientes de cuidados residenciais. Este estudo gera orientações originais e específicas para o contexto dos cuidados em fim de vida em instituições de cuidados residenciais portuguesas. Os resultados destacam a importância da identificação precoce das necessidades paliativas, da formação do pessoal, da comunicação eficaz e de uma abordagem centrada na pessoa para garantir cuidados dignos e de alta qualidade no final da vida, alinhados com as preferências dos residentes.
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Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Cristiana Do Nascimento, Paula Santos, Margarida Cerqueira