Palavras-chave
psychological intervention
well-being
cognitive preservation
creativity
Como Citar
Resumo
Intergenerational programs involving children and seniors are a form of psychological and social intervention that promote the development of cognitive, linguistic, motor, emotional and social skills and well-being, with significant results and benefits described for both children and seniors, such as intergenerational socialization and increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, intellectual development, increased happiness, and improved quality of life. In Portugal, programmes intervening in the psychological domain are scarce, which justifies our proposal. We present a P-IN Program: Intergenerational Psychological Intervention Program: Cri(activ)age, Health and Well-Being focused on the promotion of creativity, cognitive preservation/development and well-being associated with intergenerational coexistence.
The P-IN programme aims to: (i) Promote through an intergenerational psychological intervention, cognitive development/preservation, creativity and well-being, in children (5-6 years) and seniors (+60). (ii) To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on cognitive development/preservation, creativity and well-being. This paper presents the conceptual structure of the programme, its organization into three main components: Beliefs and attitudes; Emotions and well-being; Cognitive stimulation and creativity, and its operationalization in 10 90-minute sessions. Finally, we present the evaluation plan of the quality and effectiveness of the programme based on a qualitative methodological approach using semi-structured interviews to the participants (N= 23 children and 18 seniors; professionals= 4). Of the results we highlight: increase in autonomy, self-confidence and social participation in both groups. In specific terms, the increase in the emotional well-being and psychosocial and physical autonomy of the seniors is highlighted.
Referências
Benavente, R., & Paulino, M. (2020). Intervenção psicológica em gerontologia. Pactor.
Bishop, N. A., & Lu, T. (2010). Aging and autophagy in the central nervous system. Autophagy, 6(2), 261-263. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.6.2.11010
Canedo-García, A., García-Sánchez, J.-N., & Pacheco-Sanz, D.-I. (2017). A systematic review of the effectiveness of intergenerational programs. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1882. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01882
Carstensen, L. L., Turan, B., Scheibe, S., Ram, N., Ersner-Hershfield, H., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Brooks, K. P., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2011). Emotional experience improves with age: Evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021285
Chopik, W. J., Kim, E. S., & Smith, J. (2020). Changes in optimism are associated with changes in health over time among older adults. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(5), 648-659. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619847526
Fuster, D. (2019). Investigación cualitativa: Método fenomenológico hermenéutico. Propósitos y Representaciones, 7(1), 201-229. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2019.v7n1.267
Greenfield, E. A., & Greenfield, P. M. (2021). Grandparenting and well-being: How socio-structural factors moderate the grandparent-grandchild relationship. Frontiers in Sociology, 6, 640697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2021.640697
Hertzog, C., Kramer, A. F., Wilson, R. S., & Lindenberger, U. (2009). Enrichment effects on adult cognitive development: Can the functional capacity of older adults be preserved and enhanced? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9(1), 1-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x
Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2023). Envelhecimento da população em Portugal. Retrieved from https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=594879758&DESTAQUESmodo=2
Kennedy, B. K., Berger, S. L., Brunet, A., Campisi, J., Cuervo, A. M., Epel, E. S., ... & Sierra, F. (2014). Geroscience: Linking aging to chronic disease. Cell, 159(4), 709-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.039
Kuiper, J. S., Zuidersma, M., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Zuidema, S. U., van den Heuvel, E. R., Stolk, R. P., & Smidt, N. (2015). Social relationships and risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. Ageing Research Reviews, 22, 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2015.04.006
Loprinzi, P. D., Crush, E. A., & Joyner, C. (2018). Joint associations of objectively-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity with cognitive function among older adults. Preventive Medicine Reports, 10, 12-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.03.007
Schroots, J. J. F., & Birren, J. E. (1980). Introduction to the psychology of aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 3-22). Elsevier.
World Health Organization. (2022). Active aging: A policy framework. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health